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The American Housing Survey (AHS) is the nation's most comprehensive housing survey. It is a nationally representative longitudinal residential housing unit survey collected by the U.S. Census Bureau and sponsored by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). A housing unit is defined by the AHS as a house, apartment, group of rooms, or single room occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters. The survey collects data on occupant owned, rental, and vacant housing units. The survey respondent is a knowledgeable household member (renter or owner) age 16 or older. In the case of a vacant housing unit, a landlord, owner, real estate agent, or knowledgeable neighbor is asked to provide the data. 

Although the AHS's primary focus is on the housing unit, it also gathers extensive information on occupant characteristics including  the ACS 6 question disability series as of 2009. This combination of data allows understanding of how occupant characteristics relate to housing characteristics. The longitudinal design permits HUD to see how housing units and people residing in those units change over time and can be used to monitor housing supply and demand, as well as changes in housing conditions and costs, in order to assess housing needs.

The survey is conducted every two years and is comprised of two parts: permanent core questions asked in every survey and topical modules that rotate in and out of the survey. The core survey collects information on a wide range of housing topics, including housing costs and value, mortgage characteristics, household income and demographics, disabilities, housing size and amenities, quality, migration, and plumbing, water, and sewage. The survey also includes a number of items relating to the resident's assessment of neighborhood "quality" such as quality/type of nearby buildings and their condition, trash, school quality, transportation availability, and crime. 

The topical modules cover a wide range of topics. The 2017 topical modules included 1) commuting to work, 2) evictions, 3) delinquent payments and notices, and 4) emergency and disaster preparedness. To maximize the number of module topics covered beginning with the 2013 AHS, HUD and the Census Bureau adopted a strategy of splitting the AHS sample in two groups, then administering some topical modules to Group 1 and some modules to Group 2.

The American Community Survey (ACS) is an annual survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau that collects information on a sample drawn from the U.S. institutionalized and non-institutionalized populations and Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico Community Survey – PRCS) The survey covers a broad range of topics including: age, sex, race, family and relationships, income and benefits, health insurance, education, veteran status, disabilities, as well as housing characteristics.

The ACS surveys approximately 3 million addresses in the United States annually, as well as a 2.5 percent sample of the population living in group quarters and 36,000 addresses in Puerto Rico. In 2010, pooled years of the ACS replaced the decennial Census long form. The objective of ACS is to provide federal, state and local governments with up to date information help to plan investments and services.

The BRFSS is designed to monitor risk behaviors related to chronic diseases, injuries and death, identify emerging health problems, establish and track health objectives, and develop and evaluate public health policies and programs. It is an annual cross-sectional telephone-based survey of adults ages 18 and older that provides national, state, and selected county and MSA level data on health risk behaviors, preventive health practices, and health care access primarily related to chronic disease and injury.

The survey is conducted by the state health departments with technical and methodological assistance provided by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The survey is comprised of a core set of questions that all states must include and a set of optional modules that individual states may choose to include. Each optional module focuses on a specific topics such as adult asthma history, anxiety and depression, cardiovascular health, cognitive decline, pre-diabeties, cancer screening, visual impairment and access to eye care. See optional modules by category here: http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/questionnaires/ )

The MEPS is a multi-component national probability sample survey of individuals, families, health care providers, and employers across the United States. This survey was initiated in 1996 with the purpose of providing national-level estimates of health care utilization, health care access, expenditures, and health insurance coverage of the non-institutionalized U.S. civilian population. The MEPS has three major components:

(1) MEPS Household Component - MEPS HC;

(2) MEPS Medical Provider Component - MEPS MPC; and

(3) MEPS Insurance/Employer Component - MEPS IC.

The MEPS HC has been extensively used by researchers as it is a public-use dataset containing key variables of interest; all other MEPS components are only available as restricted-use files.

The NSCH provides nationally representative information for children in ages from 0 -17 for all fifty states in the U.S., including District of Columbia and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Besides providing information on prevalence of chronic conditions and special healthcare needs, this survey provides information on access to medical homes, parental health, family interactions, as well as neighborhood factors impacting children's health. Trends can be compared across the waves of data collected.

Note that for 2016-2017 and beyond, the NSCH incorporates the content of the National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (NS-CSHCN). 

The Current Population Survey (CPS) is a survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) to provide workforce measurements including employment, unemployment, earnings, and hours of work. It collects a variety of demographic characteristics including age, sex, race, marital status, and educational attainment, as well as occupation and industry of employment. Supplemental questionnaires are occasionally fielded to produce estimates on various topics including school enrollment, income, previous work experience, health, employee benefits, and work schedules. A disability supplement was fielded in May 2012.

A work limitation disability screener question was first included in 1981 in the March Supplement. A variation on the ACS six-question disability sequence was added in June 2008. The 2014 redesign of the March Supplement included a rephrasing of the work limitation disability question that will be used going forward.

The NHIS is a cross-sectional household interview survey. It is the primary data source on the health of the civilian, non-institutionalized population of the United States. The survey, initiated in 1957, was designed "to produce statistics on disease, injury, impairment, disability, and related topics on a uniform basis for the Nation.” In general, the NHIS exists to monitor the health of the U.S. non-institutional population, and to display these characteristics by socio-economic and demographic characteristics. NHIS data are used within government agencies and the academic research community to monitor developments in the prevalence of illness, disability, and other health-related conditions. Survey content of the NHIS is updated about every 10-15 years. A redesign was instated in 1997. The most recent test redesign occurred in 2018. A full implementation of the redesign is scheduled for 2019.

The redesigned 2019 NHIS continues to identify people with functional limitations and difficulties and a battery of mental health questions have been added to the new rotating core to assess depression and anxiety. More about the 2018/19 questionnaire redesign can be found at: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/2019_quest_redesign.htm .

While not covered in this entry, in 1994 a separate NHIS Disability (NHIS-D) survey was conducted. Additional information is available at:

https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/nhis_disability.htm

The Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) is a nationally representative longitudinal panel survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. It collects a wide variety of information including the source and amount of income, labor force details, program participation and eligibility, and general demographic characteristics including a number of health and disability measures. It measures the effectiveness of existing federal, state, and local programs, and estimates future costs and coverage for government programs, such as food stamps. The SIPP provides statistics on the distribution of income and measures of economic well-being in the U.S.

The original survey was fielded three times a year during 1984-2008 with a four-month reference period. This version of the SIPP had core wave files and detailed topical modules.

A significant redesign was instated in 2014. The reengineered 2014 SIPP interview is conducted annually for four years with a 12-month reference period. The main survey incorporates topical module content, although its coverage is less extensive. The benefit is that longitudinal trends in key variables will be available. Going forward, the questionnaire will contain 12 disability measures: the six-question functional limitation sequence from the ACS, covering difficulties with hearing, seeing, cognitive activities, ambulatory activities, self-care activities, and independent living activities; three child functional disability questions; and three work disability questions.

Note that SSA worked with Census to develop a one time SSA Supplement to the 2014 SIPP that collected much of the detailed disability information dropped in the re-engineered 2014 SIPP.